Dynamic Stabilization
Segways use a concept called dynamic stabilization, in which interrelated components communicate to keep the machine upright. The main components that aid dynamic stabilization are electrical motors, tilt sensors and gyroscopes.
Gyroscopes
Gyroscopes are what make a segway remain upright. They also interpret the direction the rider is leaning in.
Motors
Based on the direction the rider leans, gyroscopes send signals to a network of motors controlled by microprocessors. The motors control the motion on the Segway wheels in the proper manner to maintain balance and send the devise in the desired direction.
Tilt Sensors
Electrical tilt sensors on the machine are filled with fluids that indicate when the Segway is becoming off-balance. This indicator serves to alert the microprocessors, which communicate with the wheel motors to correct the imbalance.