Mushroom Hill Zone
The opening stage of the game is the Mushroom Hill Zone, a countryside forest setting that is divided into two levels. The forest floor is covered in large mushrooms that Sonic can jump on to bounce high in the air. There is a sub-boss in the form of an axe-wielding wood-chopping robot at the end of the first level, and at the end of the second, you have to beat Dr. Robotnik, who is driving a spike-covered vehicle armed with a cannon. Both bosses take eight hits to defeat.
Flying Battery Zone
The Flying Battery Zone has two levels, based across a flying fortress full of robots and electric traps. Sonic has to fight Robotnik twice in this zone---first after being trapped in a small area with a moving laser cannon on the roof, and then on an outside platform which Robotnik dangles from in a flame-spitting robot. These bosses take eight hits each to defeat, and once they are both beaten the whole Flying Battery Zone falls out of the sky into the next zone.
Sandopolis Zone
The Sandopolis Zone is a desert area with pyramids and quicksand traps. The zone is divided into two levels, the first gaining access to a huge pyramid by defeating a Guardian sub-boss, and the second inside the spooky pyramid. Dr. Robotnik shows up and starts filling the pyramid with sand, and Sonic must defeat his Egg Golem boss to foil his plans and escape. Again, both bosses take eight hits to beat.
Lava Reef Zone
The Lava Reef Zone comprises two levels set inside an active volcano where Dr. Robotnik's Death Egg has crashed. After traversing a selection of lava-based traps, Sonic must face Robotnik driving a seemingly invincible machine that drops landmines. The player must use Robotnik's own mines against him, scoring eight hits to destroy the machine and move on to the next zone.
Hidden Palace Zone
The Hidden Place Zone is the temple of the Echidnas, Knuckles' people. If you are playing as Knuckles, you can simply pass through the area without fighting a boss, but if you are playing as Sonic or Tails, then you must face Knuckles himself. It takes eight hits to defeat Knuckles, and after you have defeated him, he joins your cause when Robotnik steals the Master Chaos Emerald.
Sky Sanctuary Zone
The Sky Sanctuary Zone is an ancient, crumbling ruin high in the air. Knuckles faces his final boss here, Mecha Sonic, a metal version of Sonic who the real Sonic also has to battle in order to progress. Mecha Sonic attacks first in a flying machine dangling a large flail, again in a second flying machine, and finally on foot---each time, it will take eight hits to defeat him.
Death Egg Zone
The Death Egg zone is Dr. Robotnik's space-station base. Inside is a succession of electric traps and areas with reversed gravity. There are two sub-bosses, a laser-firing eye and a spiky metal sphere, that you have to defeat to get through to the main boss, the Robtnik-shaped Great Eggman Robo. You must hit the Great Eggman Robo sixteen times to defeat it, whereupon it launches off into space and you are forced to give chase in the next zone.
Doomsday Zone
The final level of the game pits the player, in Supersonic form, against a giant robot flying through orbit around the planet Mobius while clutching a massive Chaos Emerald. You have to collect rings and dodge missiles and meteors while flying through space, and hit the boss robot sixteen times to defeat it and complete the game.