Accessing the X, Y, Z Coordinates
To use the coordinates, first you̵7;re going to have to find them. On a PC, it̵7;s simple. Pressing "F3" will bring up the debug overlay, which shows you a great deal of information including your current position. On a Mac, you can get the same information by pressing "Fn-F3." If you are using an Xbox, the coordinates are available only when you equip the in-game map item. There is currently no way to access this information in ̶0;Minecraft ̵1; Pocket Edition̶1; regardless of platform.
Understanding Horizontal Movement
Looking down at a map of a ̶0;Minecraft̶1; world, you would see the X- and Z-axis. Moving around the world is simple using the origin point of these axes (0, 0) as a reference. East/West position is indicated by the X-axis with all positive values being east of origin and all negative values being west. South/North position is likewise tracked along the Z-axis with all positive values being south and all negative values being north.
Checking Your Vertical Position
Unlike the other position values, your Y coordinate is always a positive value. This will indicate how far above the absolute base layer of the current world you are. Sea level is always at Y=63 and the upper limit to an unmodified world is always Y=256. The bottom five layers will be composed of an uneven Bedrock floor.
When Is This Useful?
Aside from allowing you to provide simple directions to your favorite map positions, the coordinate system makes it possible to ̶0;bookmark̶1; useful resources. It is often easier to record where things like dungeons and fortresses are after you discover them rather than taking them on immediately. The coordinate system also lets you hide supply chests in unobtrusive locations with the certain knowledge that you can come back to them later.