Hardware
"Team Fortress 2" was released in 2007 but since then, numerous new features have been added to the game, including graphic effects and additional wearable items. Therefore, the minimum hardware requirements that were announced by Valve before the release of the game are outdated and running the game on a computer that barely meets the minimum requirements may cause the game client to crash when launching "Team Fortress 2." The recommended hardware requirements for "Team Fortress 2", which are more realistic if you want to play the latest version of the game, include a Pentium 4 processor, 1GB of random-access memory and a graphics card that is capable of handling DirectX 9.0 instructions.
Graphics Drivers
The drivers of your graphics card are the programs and libraries that allow the card to communicate effectively with the motherboard and the central processing unit. Graphics processing units manufacturers, such as ATI or NVIDIA, frequently release updated version of their drivers to correct bugs, add new features or resolve compatibility issues between the GPU and specific games. If you regularly encounter crashes when attempting to launch "Team Fortress 2," you should visit your GPU manufacturer's website, download the latest drivers for your card and install them.
Antivirus and Firewall
Programs that filter Internet traffic, such as antivirus applications, firewalls or parental control programs, can sometimes cause "Team Fortress 2" to crash when connecting to a server. If the application does not allow "Team Fortress 2" to communicate effectively with the server, it might cause the game to crash unexpectedly when connecting. To fix this issue, open the antivirus, firewall or parental control application and add "Team Fortress 2" to the list of programs that are allowed to communicate with the Internet.
Client Bug
Valve frequently releases updates for "Team Fortress 2" to add new maps, items or to correct bugs. If you were previously able to connect to "Team Fortress 2" but are now unable to do so following a client update, your issue might be caused by one of the new features. Typically, it only takes a few days for Valve to issue a fix to correct known issues introduced by one of their updates. It is worth noting that there is no need to manually install updates since Steam automatically checks for new updates and installs them when you try to launch "Team Fortress 2."