Realm and Service Status
Any time you experience problems logging in to the game servers, the first step is to verify they are online. Visit the Realm Status page at http://us.battle.net/wow/en/status. If a green arrow appears next to your realm or server, then the server is up and running on Blizzard's side. If a red down arrow appears next to your server, then the server is down and it is either the standard Tuesday scheduled maintenance or a known server issue. Known issues or scheduled downtime is verifiable on the Service Status page at http://us.battle.net/wow/en/forum/1011700/.
Username and Password Error
One of the most overlooked problems when connecting to the game servers occurs at the login screen. If you cannot login to the authentication server, then you likely entered your account information incorrectly. If this is the case, the game will return an error message stating your email address or password is incorrect prior to returning you to the login page. If you cannot remember your password or think it may have been changed, then reset your password at https://us.battle.net/account/support/password-reset.html.
Corrupt Account Data
There are three World of Warcraft folders: "WTF," "Interface" and "Cache," which are collectively referred to as "The Trinity." These files are located on the user's computer and are verified during log-in to the game servers. Data corruption within these folders prevents access to the servers. Delete this trinity to force a new download of your account, character and server data. In most cases, the information downloads within seconds and you'll be back in-game within seconds.
Router and Modem Communications
In many instances, router and modem issues block the game client from connecting. Power cycle both the modem and router by turning off all computers on the network, and then unplugging the router followed by the modem. Leave it unplugged for at least a minute, then turn the modem on. Once the lights on the front panel are steady, turn the router on. Turn the computer on and try to connect again.
Firewalls and Closed Ports
Firewalls, both router and software based, often restrict network communications. Ensure outgoing connections to the game servers are allowed by opening TCP and UDP ports 1119, 3724, 6112, 6113, 6114 and 4000. Consult your router or firewall documentation for instructions on how to do this. If these ports are not open, the game will not communicate correctly with the servers.